qbootctl/bootctrl_impl.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016, The Linux Foundation. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *     with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of The Linux Foundation nor the names of its
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
 * BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
 * OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2021-2023 Caleb Connolly <caleb@connolly.tech>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http:// www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "gpt-utils.h"
#include "ufs-bsg.h"
#include "utils.h"

#include "bootctrl.h"

#define BOOTDEV_DIR	  "/dev/disk/by-partlabel"
#define BOOT_IMG_PTN_NAME "boot_"
#define LUN_NAME_END_LOC  14
#define BOOT_SLOT_PROP	  "slot_suffix"

#define MAX_CMDLINE_SIZE  4096

#define SLOT_ACTIVE	  1
#define SLOT_INACTIVE	  2
#define UPDATE_SLOT(pentry, guid, slot_state)                                                      \
	({                                                                                         \
		memcpy(pentry, guid, TYPE_GUID_SIZE);                                              \
		if (slot_state == SLOT_ACTIVE)                                                     \
			*(pentry + AB_FLAG_OFFSET) = AB_SLOT_ACTIVE_VAL;                           \
		else if (slot_state == SLOT_INACTIVE)                                              \
			*(pentry + AB_FLAG_OFFSET) =                                               \
				(*(pentry + AB_FLAG_OFFSET) & ~AB_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE);     \
	})

const char *slot_suffix_arr[] = { AB_SLOT_A_SUFFIX, AB_SLOT_B_SUFFIX, NULL };

enum part_attr_type {
	ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE = 0,
	ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL,
	ATTR_UNBOOTABLE,
	ATTR_BOOTABLE,
};

void get_kernel_cmdline_arg(const char *arg, char *buf, const char *def)
{
	int fd;
	char pcmd[MAX_CMDLINE_SIZE];
	char *val, *found, *ptr = buf;
	fd = open("/proc/cmdline", O_RDONLY);
	int rc = read(fd, pcmd, MAX_CMDLINE_SIZE);
	if (rc < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /proc/cmdline: %d (%s)\n", rc, strerror(errno));
		goto error;
	}
	close(fd);
	found = strstr(pcmd, arg);
	if (!found || !(val = strstr(found, "="))) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't find cmdline arg: '%s'\n", arg);
		goto error;
	}

	val++;
	// no this doesn't handle quotes lol
	while (*val != ' ') {
		*ptr++ = *val++;
	}

	return;

error:
	strcpy(buf, def);
}

// Get the value of one of the attribute fields for a partition.
static int get_partition_attribute(struct gpt_disk *disk, const char *partname,
				   enum part_attr_type part_attr)
{
	uint8_t *pentry = NULL;
	int retval = -1;
	uint8_t *attr = NULL;
	if (!partname)
		return -1;

	// Will initialise the disk if null, or reinitialise it if
	// it's for a partition on a different disk
	if (gpt_disk_get_disk_info(partname, disk) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: gpt_disk_get_disk_info failed\n", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	pentry = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, partname, PRIMARY_GPT);

	if (!pentry) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: pentry does not exist in disk struct\n", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	attr = pentry + AB_FLAG_OFFSET;
	LOGD("%s() partname = %s, attr = 0x%x\n", __func__, partname, *attr);
	switch (part_attr) {
	case ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE:
		retval = !!(*attr & AB_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE);
		LOGD("ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE, retval = %d\n", retval);
		break;
	case ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL:
		retval = !!(*attr & AB_PARTITION_ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL);
		LOGD("AB_PARTITION_ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL, retval = %d\n", retval);
		break;
	case ATTR_UNBOOTABLE:
		retval = !!(*attr & AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE);
		LOGD("AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE, retval = %d\n", retval);
		break;
	default:
		retval = -1;
	}

	return retval;
}

// Set a particular attribute for all the partitions in a
// slot
static int update_slot_attribute(struct gpt_disk *disk, unsigned slot,
				 enum part_attr_type ab_attr)
{
	unsigned int i = 0;
	char buf[GPT_PTN_PATH_MAX];
	struct stat st;
	uint8_t *pentry = NULL;
	uint8_t *pentry_bak = NULL;
	int rc = -1;
	uint8_t *attr = NULL;
	uint8_t *attr_bak = NULL;
	const char *partName;
	char devpath[GPT_PTN_PATH_MAX] = { 0 };

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(g_all_ptns); i++) {
		memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
		// Check if A/B versions of this ptn exist
		rc = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%s/%.72s", BOOT_DEV_DIR, g_all_ptns[i]);
		if (stat(buf, &st) < 0) {
			// partition does not have _a version
			continue;
		}

		buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 'b';
		if (stat(buf, &st) < 0) {
			// partition does not have _b version
			continue;
		}

		if (slot == 0)
			partName = g_all_ptns[i];
		else
			partName = buf + strlen(BOOT_DEV_DIR) + 1;

		LOGD("%s: partName = '%s'\n", __func__, partName);

		// If the current partition is for a different disk (e.g. /dev/sde when the current disk is /dev/sda)
		// Then commit the current disk
		if (!partition_is_for_disk(disk, partName, devpath, sizeof(devpath))) {
			if (gpt_disk_commit(disk)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to commit disk\n", __func__);
				return -1;
			}
		}

		rc = gpt_disk_get_disk_info(partName, disk);
		if (rc != 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to get disk info for %s\n", __func__, partName);
			return -1;
		}

		pentry = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, partName, PRIMARY_GPT);
		pentry_bak = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, partName, SECONDARY_GPT);
		if (!pentry || !pentry_bak) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to get pentry/pentry_bak for %s\n", __func__,
				partName);
			return -1;
		}

		attr = pentry + AB_FLAG_OFFSET;
		// LOGD("%s: got pentry for part '%s': 0x%lx (at flags: 0x%x)\n", __func__, partName,
		//      *(uint64_t *)pentry, *attr);
		attr_bak = pentry_bak + AB_FLAG_OFFSET;
		switch (ab_attr) {
		case ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL:
			*attr = (*attr) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL;
			*attr_bak = (*attr_bak) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL;
			break;
		case ATTR_UNBOOTABLE:
			*attr = (*attr) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE;
			*attr_bak = (*attr_bak) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE;
			break;
		case ATTR_BOOTABLE:
			*attr = (*attr) ^ AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE;
			*attr_bak = (*attr_bak) ^ AB_PARTITION_ATTR_UNBOOTABLE;
			break;
		case ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE:
			*attr = (*attr) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE;
			*attr_bak = (*attr) | AB_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE;
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unrecognized attr\n", __func__);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if (gpt_disk_commit(disk)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to commit disk %s\n", __func__, disk->devpath);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Returns 0 for no slots, or the number of slots found.
 * Fun semantic note: Having "1" slot (ie just a "boot" partition)
 * is the same as having "no slots".
 *
 * This function will never return 1.
 */
unsigned get_number_slots()
{
	struct dirent *de = NULL;
	DIR *dir_bootdev = NULL;
	static int slot_count = 0;

	// If we've already counted the slots, return the cached value.
	// If there are no slots then we'll always rerun the search...
	if (slot_count > 0)
		return slot_count;

	assert(AB_SLOT_A_SUFFIX[0] == '_');
	assert(AB_SLOT_B_SUFFIX[0] == '_');

	dir_bootdev = opendir(BOOTDEV_DIR);
	// Shouldn't this be an assert?
	if (!dir_bootdev) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to open bootdev dir (%s)\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
		return 0;
	}

	while ((de = readdir(dir_bootdev))) {
		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
			continue;
		if (!strncmp(de->d_name, BOOT_IMG_PTN_NAME, strlen(BOOT_IMG_PTN_NAME)) &&
		    !!strncmp(de->d_name, "boot_aging\n", strlen("boot_aging"))) {
			slot_count++;
		}
	}

	if (slot_count < 0)
		slot_count = 0;

	closedir(dir_bootdev);

	return slot_count;
}

static int boot_control_check_slot_sanity(unsigned slot)
{
	uint32_t num_slots = get_number_slots();
	if ((num_slots < 1) || (slot > num_slots - 1)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Invalid slot number %u\n", slot);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int get_boot_attr(struct gpt_disk *disk, unsigned slot, enum part_attr_type attr)
{
	char bootPartition[MAX_GPT_NAME_SIZE + 1] = { 0 };

	if (boot_control_check_slot_sanity(slot) != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Argument check failed\n", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	snprintf(bootPartition, sizeof(bootPartition) - 1, "boot%s", slot_suffix_arr[slot]);

	return get_partition_attribute(disk, bootPartition, attr);
}

static unsigned int get_current_slot_from_kernel_cmdline()
{
	uint32_t num_slots = 0;
	char bootSlotProp[MAX_CMDLINE_SIZE] = { '\0' };
	unsigned i = 0;
	num_slots = get_number_slots();
	if (num_slots <= 1) {
		// Slot 0 is the only slot around.
		return 0;
	}

	get_kernel_cmdline_arg(BOOT_SLOT_PROP, bootSlotProp, "_a");
	if (!strncmp(bootSlotProp, "N/A\n", strlen("N/A"))) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unable to read boot slot property\n", __func__);
		return 0;
	}

	// Iterate through a list of partitons named as boot+suffix
	// and see which one is currently active.
	for (i = 0; slot_suffix_arr[i] != NULL; i++) {
		if (!strncmp(bootSlotProp, slot_suffix_arr[i], strlen(slot_suffix_arr[i]))) {
			// printf("%s current_slot = %d\n", __func__, i);
			return i;
		}
	}

	// The HAL spec requires that we return a number between
	// 0 to num_slots - 1. Since something went wrong here we
	// are just going to return the default slot.
	return 0;
}

int is_slot_bootable(unsigned slot)
{
	int attr = 0;
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };

	attr = get_boot_attr(&disk, slot, ATTR_UNBOOTABLE);
	if (attr >= 0)
		return !attr;

	return -1;
}

int mark_boot_successful(unsigned slot)
{
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };
	int successful = get_boot_attr(&disk, slot, ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL);
	int unbootable = get_boot_attr(&disk, slot, ATTR_UNBOOTABLE);
	int ret = 0;

	if (successful < 0 || unbootable < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "SLOT %s: Failed to read attributes\n", slot_suffix_arr[slot]);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	if (unbootable) {
		printf("SLOT %s: was marked unbootable, fixing this"
		       " (I hope you know what you're doing...)\n",
		       slot_suffix_arr[slot]);
		update_slot_attribute(&disk, slot, ATTR_BOOTABLE);
	}

	if (successful) {
		fprintf(stderr, "SLOT %s: already marked successful\n", slot_suffix_arr[slot]);
		goto out;
	}

	if (update_slot_attribute(&disk, slot, ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "SLOT %s: Failed to mark boot successful\n", slot_suffix_arr[slot]);
		ret = -1;
		goto out;
	}

out:
	gpt_disk_free(&disk);
	return ret;
}

const char *get_suffix(unsigned slot)
{
	if (boot_control_check_slot_sanity(slot) != 0)
		return "";
	else
		return slot_suffix_arr[slot];
}


// The argument here is a vector of partition names(including the slot suffix)
// that lie on a single disk
static int boot_ctl_set_active_slot_for_partitions(struct gpt_disk *disk,
						   unsigned slot)
{
	char buf[GPT_PTN_PATH_MAX] = { 0 };
	const char *slotA;
	char slotB[MAX_GPT_NAME_SIZE] = { 0 };
	char active_guid[TYPE_GUID_SIZE + 1] = { 0 };
	char inactive_guid[TYPE_GUID_SIZE + 1] = { 0 };
	int rc, i;
	// Pointer to the partition entry of current 'A' partition
	uint8_t *pentryA = NULL;
	uint8_t *pentryA_bak = NULL;
	// Pointer to partition entry of current 'B' partition
	uint8_t *pentryB = NULL;
	uint8_t *pentryB_bak = NULL;
	struct stat st;

	LOGD("Marking slot %s as active:\n", slot_suffix_arr[slot]);

	for (i = 0, slotA = g_all_ptns[0]; i < ARRAY_SIZE(g_all_ptns); slotA = g_all_ptns[++i]) {
		// Chop off the slot suffix from the partition name to
		// make the string easier to work with.
		LOGD("Part: %s\n", slotA);
		int n = strlen(slotA) - strlen(AB_SLOT_A_SUFFIX);
		if (n + 1 < 3 || n + 1 > MAX_GPT_NAME_SIZE) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid partition name: %s\n", slotA);
			return -1;
		}

		memset(slotB, 0, sizeof(slotB));
		strncat(slotB, slotA, MAX_GPT_NAME_SIZE - 1);
		slotB[strlen(slotB) - 1] = 'b';

		rc = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%s", BOOT_DEV_DIR);
		snprintf(buf + rc, GPT_PTN_PATH_MAX - rc, "/%s", slotA);
		LOGD("Checking for partition %s\n", buf);
		if (stat(buf, &st)) {
			if (!strcmp(slotA, "boot_a") || !strcmp(slotA, "dtbo_a")) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't find required partition %s\n", slotA);
				return -1;
			}
			// Not every device has every partition
			continue;
		}

		buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 'b';
		if (stat(buf, &st)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Partition %s does not exist\n", buf);
			return -1;
		}

		// Get the disk containing this partition. This only
		// actually re-initialises disk if this partition refers
		// to a different block device than the last one.
		if (gpt_disk_get_disk_info(slotA, disk) < 0)
			return -1;

		// Get partition entry for slot A & B from the primary
		// and backup tables.
		pentryA = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, slotA, PRIMARY_GPT);
		pentryA_bak = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, slotA, SECONDARY_GPT);
		pentryB = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, slotB, PRIMARY_GPT);
		pentryB_bak = gpt_disk_get_pentry(disk, slotB, SECONDARY_GPT);
		if (!pentryA || !pentryA_bak || !pentryB || !pentryB_bak) {
			// None of these should be NULL since we have already
			// checked for A & B versions earlier.
			fprintf(stderr, "Slot pentries for %s not found.\n", slotA);
			return -1;
		}
		LOGD("\tAB attr (A): 0x%x (backup: 0x%x)\n", *(uint16_t *)(pentryA + AB_FLAG_OFFSET),
		     *(uint16_t *)(pentryA_bak + AB_FLAG_OFFSET));
		LOGD("\tAB attr (B): 0x%x (backup: 0x%x)\n", *(uint16_t *)(pentryB + AB_FLAG_OFFSET),
		     *(uint16_t *)(pentryB_bak + AB_FLAG_OFFSET));
		memset(active_guid, '\0', sizeof(active_guid));
		memset(inactive_guid, '\0', sizeof(inactive_guid));
		if (get_partition_attribute(disk, slotA, ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE) == 1) {
			// A is the current active slot
			memcpy((void *)active_guid, (const void *)pentryA, TYPE_GUID_SIZE);
			memcpy((void *)inactive_guid, (const void *)pentryB, TYPE_GUID_SIZE);
		} else if (get_partition_attribute(disk, slotB, ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE) == 1) {
			// B is the current active slot
			memcpy((void *)active_guid, (const void *)pentryB, TYPE_GUID_SIZE);
			memcpy((void *)inactive_guid, (const void *)pentryA, TYPE_GUID_SIZE);
		} else {
			fprintf(stderr, "Both A & B are inactive..Aborting");
			return -1;
		}
		int a_state = slot == 0 ? SLOT_ACTIVE : SLOT_INACTIVE;
		int b_state = slot == 1 ? SLOT_ACTIVE : SLOT_INACTIVE;

		// This check *Really* shouldn't be here... But I don't know this codebase
		// well enough to remove it.
		if (slot > 1) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unknown slot %d!\n", __func__, slot);
			return -1;
		}

		// Mark A as active in primary table
		UPDATE_SLOT(pentryA, active_guid, a_state);
		// Mark A as active in backup table
		UPDATE_SLOT(pentryA_bak, active_guid, a_state);
		// Mark B as inactive in primary table
		UPDATE_SLOT(pentryB, inactive_guid, b_state);
		// Mark B as inactive in backup table
		UPDATE_SLOT(pentryB_bak, inactive_guid, b_state);
	}

	// write updated content to disk
	if (gpt_disk_commit(disk)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to commit disk entry");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

unsigned get_active_boot_slot()
{
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };
	uint32_t num_slots = get_number_slots();

	if (num_slots <= 1) {
		// Slot 0 is the only slot around.
		return 0;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_slots; i++) {
		if (get_boot_attr(&disk, i, ATTR_SLOT_ACTIVE)) {
			gpt_disk_free(&disk);
			return i;
		}
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to find the active boot slot\n", __func__);
	gpt_disk_free(&disk);
	return 0;
}

int set_active_boot_slot(unsigned slot)
{
	enum boot_chain chain = (enum boot_chain)slot;
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };
	int rc;
	bool ismmc;

	if (boot_control_check_slot_sanity(slot)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Bad arguments\n", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	ismmc = gpt_utils_is_partition_backed_by_emmc(PTN_XBL AB_SLOT_A_SUFFIX);

	// Do this *before* updating all the slot attributes
	// to make sure we can
	if (!ismmc && ufs_bsg_dev_open() < 0) {
		return -1;
	}

	rc = boot_ctl_set_active_slot_for_partitions(&disk, slot);

	if (rc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to set active slot for partitions \n", __func__);
		goto out;
	}

	// EMMC doesn't need attributes to be set.
	if (ismmc)
		goto out;

	if (chain > BACKUP_BOOT) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unknown slot %d!\n", __func__, slot);
		rc = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	rc = gpt_utils_set_xbl_boot_partition(chain);
	if (rc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to switch xbl boot partition\n", __func__);
		goto out;
	}

out:
	gpt_disk_free(&disk);
	return rc;
}

int set_slot_as_unbootable(unsigned slot)
{
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };
	int ret;

	if (boot_control_check_slot_sanity(slot) != 0)
		return -1;

	ret = update_slot_attribute(&disk, slot, ATTR_UNBOOTABLE);

	gpt_disk_free(&disk);
	return ret;
}

int is_slot_marked_successful(unsigned slot)
{
	int ret;
	struct gpt_disk disk = { 0 };

	if (boot_control_check_slot_sanity(slot) != 0)
		return -1;

	ret = get_boot_attr(&disk, slot, ATTR_BOOT_SUCCESSFUL);
	gpt_disk_free(&disk);
	return ret;
}

const struct boot_control_module bootctl = {
	.getCurrentSlot = get_current_slot_from_kernel_cmdline,
	.markBootSuccessful = mark_boot_successful,
	.setActiveBootSlot = set_active_boot_slot,
	.setSlotAsUnbootable = set_slot_as_unbootable,
	.isSlotBootable = is_slot_bootable,
	.getSuffix = get_suffix,
	.isSlotMarkedSuccessful = is_slot_marked_successful,
	.getActiveBootSlot = get_active_boot_slot,
};