diff --git a/src/vrend_renderer.c b/src/vrend_renderer.c
index eb096ef..4e634a2 100644
--- a/src/vrend_renderer.c
+++ b/src/vrend_renderer.c
@@ -540,6 +540,9 @@ struct vrend_vertex_buffer {
    uint32_t res_id;
 };
 
+#define VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES (1 << 8)
+#define VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUE_MASK (VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES - 1)
+
 struct vrend_sub_context {
    struct list_head head;
 
@@ -550,7 +553,11 @@ struct vrend_sub_context {
    GLuint vaoid;
    uint32_t enabled_attribs_bitmask;
 
-   struct list_head gl_programs;
+   /* Using an array of lists only adds VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES - 1 list_head
+    * structures to the consumed memory, but looking up the program can
+    * be spead up by the factor VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES which makes this
+    * worthwile. */
+   struct list_head gl_programs[VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES];
    struct list_head cs_programs;
    struct util_hash_table *object_hash;
 
@@ -1591,7 +1598,9 @@ static struct vrend_linked_shader_program *add_shader_program(struct vrend_conte
 
    sprog->ss[PIPE_SHADER_VERTEX] = vs;
    sprog->ss[PIPE_SHADER_FRAGMENT] = fs;
-   sprog->vs_fs_key = (uint64_t)vs->id << 32 | fs->id;
+   sprog->vs_fs_key = (((uint64_t)fs->id) << 32) | (vs->id & ~VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUE_MASK) |
+                      (sprog->dual_src_linked ? 1 : 0);
+
    sprog->ss[PIPE_SHADER_GEOMETRY] = gs;
    sprog->ss[PIPE_SHADER_TESS_CTRL] = tcs;
    sprog->ss[PIPE_SHADER_TESS_EVAL] = tes;
@@ -1608,7 +1617,7 @@ static struct vrend_linked_shader_program *add_shader_program(struct vrend_conte
    last_shader = tes ? PIPE_SHADER_TESS_EVAL : (gs ? PIPE_SHADER_GEOMETRY : PIPE_SHADER_FRAGMENT);
    sprog->id = prog_id;
 
-   list_addtail(&sprog->head, &ctx->sub->gl_programs);
+   list_addtail(&sprog->head, &ctx->sub->gl_programs[vs->id & VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUE_MASK]);
 
    if (fs->key.pstipple_tex)
       sprog->fs_stipple_loc = glGetUniformLocation(prog_id, "pstipple_sampler");
@@ -1678,12 +1687,13 @@ static struct vrend_linked_shader_program *lookup_shader_program(struct vrend_co
                                                                  GLuint tes_id,
                                                                  bool dual_src)
 {
-   uint64_t vs_fs_key = (((uint64_t)vs_id) << 32) | fs_id;
+   uint64_t vs_fs_key = (((uint64_t)fs_id) << 32) | (vs_id & ~VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUE_MASK) |
+                        (dual_src ? 1 : 0);
 
    struct vrend_linked_shader_program *ent;
-   LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY(ent, &ctx->sub->gl_programs, head) {
-      if (ent->dual_src_linked != dual_src)
-         continue;
+
+   struct list_head *programs = &ctx->sub->gl_programs[vs_id & VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUE_MASK];
+   LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY(ent, programs, head) {
       if (likely(ent->vs_fs_key != vs_fs_key))
          continue;
       if (ent->ss[PIPE_SHADER_GEOMETRY] &&
@@ -1697,7 +1707,7 @@ static struct vrend_linked_shader_program *lookup_shader_program(struct vrend_co
          continue;
       /* put the entry in front */
       list_del(&ent->head);
-      list_add(&ent->head, &ctx->sub->gl_programs);
+      list_add(&ent->head, programs);
 
       return ent;
    }
@@ -1730,15 +1740,16 @@ static void vrend_free_programs(struct vrend_sub_context *sub)
 {
    struct vrend_linked_shader_program *ent, *tmp;
 
-   if (LIST_IS_EMPTY(&sub->gl_programs) && LIST_IS_EMPTY(&sub->cs_programs))
-      return;
-
-   LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY_SAFE(ent, tmp, &sub->gl_programs, head) {
-      vrend_destroy_program(ent);
+   if (!LIST_IS_EMPTY(&sub->cs_programs)) {
+      LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY_SAFE(ent, tmp, &sub->cs_programs, head)
+         vrend_destroy_program(ent);
    }
 
-   LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY_SAFE(ent, tmp, &sub->cs_programs, head) {
-      vrend_destroy_program(ent);
+   for (unsigned i = 0; i < VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES; ++i) {
+      if (!LIST_IS_EMPTY(&sub->gl_programs[i])) {
+         LIST_FOR_EACH_ENTRY_SAFE(ent, tmp, &sub->gl_programs[i], head)
+            vrend_destroy_program(ent);
+      }
    }
 }
 
@@ -10507,7 +10518,8 @@ void vrend_renderer_create_sub_ctx(struct vrend_context *ctx, int sub_ctx_id)
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, sub->fb_id);
    glGenFramebuffers(2, sub->blit_fb_ids);
 
-   list_inithead(&sub->gl_programs);
+   for (int i = 0; i < VREND_PROGRAM_NQUEUES; ++i)
+      list_inithead(&sub->gl_programs[i]);
    list_inithead(&sub->cs_programs);
    list_inithead(&sub->streamout_list);