Add struct weston_drm_format, which contains a DRM format and a list of
modifiers. The patch also adds struct weston_drm_format_array and some
helper functions to handle these two new structs: init/fini, find
elements, add elements, etc.
This will be useful in the next commits in which we add support to
dmabuf-hints. It also allows a cleanup in the DRM-backend, where we
currently have a similar struct in drm_plane but with no helper
functions, so the code to handle it is scattered throughout the
functions and there is a lot of repetition.
This patch is based on previous work of Scott Anderson (@ascent).
Signed-off-by: Scott Anderson <scott.anderson@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Leandro Ribeiro <leandro.ribeiro@collabora.com>
In drm_output_prepare_plane_view() we iterate the list of planes and add
them as candidates to promote the view to one of them.
Cursor planes do not support buffers other than wl_shm (at least for
now). So when we have a dmabuf or an EGL buffer in the view, the
function drm_output_plane_cursor_has_valid_format() returns false and
the cursor plane is not added to the candidate list.
In this patch we move the responsibility of doing this from
drm_output_plane_cursor_has_valid_format() to
drm_output_prepare_plane_view() itself, as the incompatibility between
other types of buffers and cursor planes is different from the
incompatibility between formats. This makes the code easier to read
and also documents the current incompatibility between cursor planes
and buffers that are not created through wl_shm.
Signed-off-by: Leandro Ribeiro <leandro.ribeiro@collabora.com>
In the absence of universal planes support,
drm_output_find_special_plane() sets the plane format to zero as a
placeholder. Then in drm_output_init_planes() it sets the format to
output->gbm_format.
As output->gbm_format is already set by the time we call
drm_output_find_special_plane(), simply set the plane format to it
directly in this function. This makes the code clearer, as there is no
reason to use the placeholder.
Signed-off-by: Leandro Ribeiro <leandro.ribeiro@collabora.com>
get_vt is used to check if VTs are enabled, by verifying that a VT greater than
0 is returned.
libseat always implements switching, with switch to an active session
currently being a noop in all backends. libseat does not currently have
a get_vt implementation. Make get_vt errors more explicit, and allow VT
switching anyway if the error is ENOSYS.
Signed-off-by: Kenny Levinsen <kl@kl.wtf>
This adds support for libseat as a seat backend. libseat provides seatd,
(e)logind and direct seat backends as compile-time and runtime options.
The backend is currently disabled by default. It can be enabled through the
launcher-libseat option.
Signed-off-by: Kenny Levinsen <kl@kl.wtf>
In some situations, like positioning a sub-surface that exceeds the
output's dimensions we would adjust the plane state dimensions to some
lower values to that of the buffer. That would ultimately trip the cursor
update function because the buffer itself actually exceeds the maximum
size/dimension of the cursor.
The plane state destination co-ordinates is the area of the view which
is visible on the output, which in some situations, would actually be
smaller than the original buffer dimensions (making it so that it will
pass the cropping/scaling check), but depending on of
how large is the surface buffer, it would tripping the assert wrt to
cursor width/height dimensions.
This hasn't been seen so far due to the fact that until recently we had
a cursor surface that always reached the cursor plane and that was
already being set-up by default (with desktop-shell, which is no longer
the case), and also because kiosk-shell, which doesn't set-up a cursor
surface, was not available.
This adds a check to skip placing the view in the cursor plane if the
buffer dimensions exceed the cursor permitted width/height.
(Suggested-by Daniel Stone).
Signed-off-by: Marius Vlad <marius.vlad@collabora.com>
fixes issue #484 (race condition with message to/from weston launch)
The race condition occurs after weston sends the WESTON_LAUNCHER_OPEN
message to weston-launch. The race is between when weston-launch replies
with the fd handle versus weston-launch sending an activation message. If
weston-launch sends an activation message before sending the fd handle,
then weston will be in an invalid state.
To fix this, I modified the fd handle reply that weston-launch sends to
include a message id at the beginning, which I called
WESTON_LAUNCHER_OPEN_REPLY. Along with this, weston now inspects the
first part of any reply to determine whether it is an activation message
or a reply to the OPEN message. In the newly handled case that it's an
activation message, it tracks whether the latest result is a deactivate
message and stores it in a flag to be handled once the open function has
completed.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Marler <johnnymarler@gmail.com>
Now that pieces of color management implementation start to land, the
fallback shader becomes even more special than before. It is the only
case where the compositor ignores color management.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
The texture target can be uniquely inferred from the shader variant, so
do not store texture target separately.
Shortens the code a bit.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Replace the shader_requirements with just shader_variant. The variant is
the only thing gl_surface_state will actually carry. All the other
requirements fields are always unused.
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Wick <sebastian@sebastianwick.net>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This patch gathers all values to be loaded to shader uniforms into a new
struct gl_shader_config along with texture target and filter
information. Struct gl_shader becomes opaque outside of gl-shaders.c.
Everything that used or open-coded these are converted.
The aim is to make gl-renderer.c easier to read. Previously, uniform
values were loaded up in various places, texture units were set up in
one place, textures were bound into units in different places. Stuff was
all over the place.
Now, shader requirements and associated uniform data is stored in a
single struct. The data is loaded into a shader program in one function
only.
That makes it easy for things like maybe_censor_override() to replace
the whole config rather than poke only the shader requirements. This may
not look like much right now, but when color management adds more
uniforms and even hardcoded color need to go through the proper color
pipeline, doing things the old way would become intractable.
Similar simplification can be seen in draw_view(), where the RGBA->RGBX
override becomes more contained. There is no longer a need to "pre-load"
the shader used by triangle fan debug. Triangle fan debug no longer
needs to play tricks with saving and restoring the current shader.
The real benefit of this change will probably come when almost all
shader operations need to take color spaces into account. That means
filling in gl_shader_config parts based on a color transformation.
This is based on an idea Sebastian already used in his Weston color
management work.
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Wick <sebastian@sebastianwick.net>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Avoid looking up 'gr' from view->compositor by passing it explicitly
into the functions needing it.
Also fixes the whitespace in repaint_region() signature.
Clarifies code by removing local variables, but also future changes will
need 'gr' more.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
A future change will call this function from draw_view(), so move it
upwards to avoid adding a function declaration.
No functional or even cosmetic change.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
These functions are related to shaders, so they are more at home in
gl-shaders.c. gl-renderer.c is too long already.
This allows making a couple functions static while the moved functions
become non-static. Future changes turn some of these functions into
static again, with the ultimate goal of making struct gl_shader opaque.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Tearing down the drm-backend when there are no input devices, would call
for the gbm device destruction before compositor shutdown. The latter
would call into the renderer detroy function and assume that the
EGLDisplay, which was created using the before-mentioned gbm device, is
still available. This patch re-orders the gbm destruction after the
compositor shutdown when no one would make use of it.
Fixes: #314
Signed-off-by: Marius Vlad <marius.vlad@collabora.com>
Suggested-by: Daniel Stone <daniel.stone@collabora.com>
Everywhere else uses #ifdef, this used just #if. When the next commit
adds -Wundef to the compiler options, this #if here will start failing
as ENABLE_EGL is undefined.
It would be much better to use Meson's set10() for ENABLE_EGL and change
all #ifdef into #if, but I opted for the smaller change for now.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This adds a heuristic for freeing shader programs that have not been
needed for a while. The intention is to stop Weston accumulating shader
programs indefinitely, especially in the future when color management
will explode the number of possible different shader programs.
Shader programs that have not been used in the past minute are freed,
except always keep the ten most recently used shader programs anyway.
The former rule is to ensure we keep shader programs that are actively
used regardless of how many. The latter rule is to prevent freeing too
many shader programs after Weston has been idle for a long time and then
repaints just a small area. Many of the shader programs could still be
relevant even though not needed in the first repaint after idle.
The numbers ten and one minute in the above are arbitrary and not based
on anything.
These heuristics are simpler to implement than e.g. views taking
references on shader programs. Expiry by time allows shader programs to
survive a while even after their last user is gone, with the hope of
being re-used soon. Tracking actual use instead of references also
adapts to what is actually visible rather than what merely exists.
Keeping the shader list in most recently used order might also make
gl_renderer_get_program() more efficient on average.
last_repaint_start time is used for shader timestamp to avoid calling
clock_gettime() more often. Adding that variable is an ABI break, but
libweston major has already been bumped to 10 since last release.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This is useful for seeing that the shader program garbage collection
works in a future patch.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
One more thing is coming to need this, so add the compositor pointer and
migrate existing places to use it where it simplifies things.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
I have verified that the conversion here follows ITU-R BT.601 except for
the offsets 16/256 and 128/256 which should be 16/255 and 128/255
respectively.
I used to following octave script to verify this:
rf = 0.299;
gf = 0.587;
bf = 0.114;
crdiv = 1.402;
cbdiv = 1.772;
M = [ rf, gf, bf ;
-rf / cbdiv, -gf / cbdiv, (1 - bf) / cbdiv;
(1 - rf) / crdiv, -gf / crdiv, -bf / crdiv ];
YCbCr = [ 'Y'; 'Cb'; 'Cr' ];
RGB = [ 'R'; 'G'; 'B' ];
eq = [ ' '; '='; ' ' ];
l = [ ' [ '; ' [ '; ' [ ' ];
r = [ ' ] '; ' ] '; ' ] ' ];
mat = [
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', M(1,:));
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', M(2,:));
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', M(3,:));
];
[ l YCbCr r eq l mat r l RGB r ]
R = inv(M);
mat = [
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', R(1,:));
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', R(2,:));
sprintf('%9f %9f %9f', R(3,:));
];
[ l RGB r eq l mat r l YCbCr r ]
[ R(:,1), R(:,2:3) .* (255/224) ]
The final matrix printed is what the shader uses down to +/- one digit,
so at least 7 correct decimals.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Sampling input texture has nothing to do with view alpha. This clarifies
the code structure.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Reading the input texture is just one part of the future color pipeline,
so separate it into a function of its own. This makes it easier to add
more steps to the pipeline, and shows the green tint is separate as
well.
Making use of early returns, reducing the if-else ladder should help
with readability. Sharing the call to yuva2rgba() likewise.
Setting yuva.w = alpha is not shared though, in case support for AYUV
format might be added in the future.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Do not call texture2D() in the shader when we already have the result.
Simpler code, maybe even a little bit faster?
Suggested-by: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
These same magic constants were used in all cases, so move them into a
common place.
While we are touching all these lines, also change from the four floats
into a vec4. This allows further clean-up in the next patch.
This makes the code easier to read.
Behavior and results are unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Mathematically the result is the same, while multiplying RGB with alpha
is easier to understand as correct than the earlier form.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
A more unique name is easier to grep for. Using 'color' as a local
variable might be useful in the future.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This support is added so that the XYUV shader variant can be tested with
wl_shm from the test suite.
Libwayland version requirement is bumped to get WL_SHM_FORMAT_XYUV8888.
Libwayland is bumped to 1.18 too in the CI image. libwayland-dev package
is dropped, because we build wayland anyway.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This header is for sharing fallback definitions for drm_fourcc.h. A new
test in tests/yuv-buffer-test.c is going to be needing XYUV8888 format,
and more new formats will be expected with HDR supports.
Share these fallback definitions in one place instead of copying them
all over.
All users of drm_fourcc.h are converted to include weston-drm-fourcc.h
instead for consistency: have the same definitions available everywhere.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
MOD_INVALID came with libdrm 2.4.83 and MOD_LINEAR came with libdrm
2.4.82. libweston unconditionally depends on libdrm >= 2.4.95, so the
fallback is not necessary.
Since linux-dmabuf.h itself has no use for these and also forgets to
include drm_fourcc.h, .c files including drm_fourcc.h after this header
would trigger compiler warnings.
linux-dmabuf.c does need these, so add the proper include.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
These were introduced in libdrm 2.4.68, commit
268ae7cae5afd76462c3ef14ed9021a2d40c2e57. Weston unconditionally
requires libdrm >= 2.4.95, so these fallback definitions are
unnecessary now.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Extend the existing output-damage test to test
blit_shadow_to_output() specifically. This function had problems
originally, so make sure they can't reappear.
The added quirk is explained in the test.
An additional check of the quirk in gl_renderer_output_create() ensures
that the shadow framebuffer is really used. The test could false-pass if
the shadow is not used.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Proper color management will need blending done with linear light pixel
values, that is, EOTF applied before blending, and then inverse-EOTF
applied for scanout after blending. The simplest way to set that up is
to use an intemediate framebuffer a.k.a shadow buffer containing the
composited image in linear light values, then blit from that to the
actual framebuffer.
This patch implements the shadow buffer, but the linear light
blending is left for another patch. This allows GL-renderer to turn
WESTON_CAP_COLOR_OPS on.
Half-float is chosen as the buffer format because linear light values
require more bits to encode with sufficient precision than the usual
non-linear pixel values.
v2: Use /* */ instead of // (Pekka)
Rename fbo and tex to shadow_{fbo,tex} (Pekka)
Check for OpenGLES capabilities before creating
shadow_{tex,fbo} (Pekka)
Signed-off-by: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
v3: Rebased.
Simplified GL version checks (Sebastian)
Apply changes from "libweston: add color ops cap and bool renderer
shadow buffer"
Renamed supports_half_float_texture to has_gl_half_float to
follow the existing naming pattern.
Introduce gl_renderer_create_shadow_16f().
Undo moving of glViewport() call.
Replace half_float_texture_enabled with shadow_exists().
Introduce struct gl_output_state_shadow.
Assert no resizing with shadow.
Fix triangle fan debug.
Rename repaint_from_texture() to blit_shadow_to_output().
Rewrite commit message because linear light blending is not
implemented in this patch.
Fix blit_shadow_to_output() for scaled/transformed outputs and
remove redundant code.
Fix has_gl_half_float determination.
v4: Disable blending in blit_shadow. (Daniel)
Port to gl_renderer_get_program().
Make a generic fbo-texture struct with parameterized format. (Daniel)
Change has_gl_half_float into gl_half_float_type.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Converting a region from global coordinates to output pixel coordinates
will become useful in GL-renderer soon, so move this function to be
shared. It is tricky to reinvent.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This adds the libweston capability bit for "color operations" which
refers to a renderer's support for operations needed for color
management. GL-renderer will grow the support while Pixman-renderer will
not, which is why the cap is needed.
To make an example use of the cap, this also adds new API:
weston_output_set_renderer_shadow_buffer(). This is a temporary API to
enable future experimental features. The first such feature will be the
renderer internal shadow buffer, the boolean variable for it taken from
Harish Krupo's "weston.ini: introduce use-shadow-fbo in output config".
Obviously this patch does not implement the renderer shadow buffer. No
renderer sets WESTON_CAP_COLOR_OPS yet so trying to enable it will fail.
The documentation here is deliberately vague, because the bits needed
for color management will come in trickling for a long time until we can
call it color management in any sense. Until then, the temporary API
shall remain, perhaps poorly named.
Cc: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This helps accounting how many shaders live in the cache, what the
shader source code is, and when shaders are compiled.
Signed-off-by: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
v2: Resolved rebase conflicts.
Put shader_scope in struct gl_renderer, remove struct
gl_shader_generator.
Wrote commit message.
Rebased for "gl-renderer: rewrite fragment shaders" which completely
changed how shader sources are generated.
Added cache statistics to debug output on subscribe.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Various functions leave the current active texture as whatever. The
functions touched in this commit forgot to reset the active texture to
slot 0 before binding their textures. If not explicitly unbound, this
could leave textures lingering in unused slots, perhaps. Not sure if
that could cause any harm, but for consistency's sake, always use slot 0
when not multitexturing.
Found by code inspection.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
If shader compiling on demand fails, then rather than using whatever
random shader happens to be current, use an explicit fallback shader
painting stuff brown.
The color is chosen dim enough to hopefully not cause problems even in
a HDR setting as it will be written verbatim into the fb/shadow.
This also prevents NULL dereference on shader->key.variant in
draw_view().
One way to test this shader is to hack fragment.glsl:
#if DEF_VARIANT == SHADER_VARIANT_EXTERNAL
#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require
+#error haa haa
#endif
and then run e.g. weston-simple-dmabuf-v4l -f YUYV
with vivid kernel module loaded. This worked on Intel.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
If we are trying to use a NULL shader, it is likely that the shader
compilation failed for some reason. Since we are trying this for a view,
the failure was probably triggered by a client. If there is a client,
get rid of it by sending it a protocol error. Hopefully the compositor
can then continue operation after a glitch on screen.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This patch modifies the shader generation code so that the shaders are
stitched together based on the requirement instead of creating them
during initialization. This is necessary for HDR use cases where each
surface would have different properties based on which different
de-gamma or tone mapping or gamma shaders are stitched together.
v2: Use /* */ instead of // (Pekka)
Move shader strings to gl-shaders.c file (Pekka)
Remove Makefile.am changes (Pekka)
Use a struct instead of uint32_t for storing requirements (Pekka)
Clean up shader list on destroy (Pekka)
Rename shader_release -> shader_destroy (Pekka)
Move shader creation/deletion into gl-shaders.c (Pekka)
Use create_shaders's multi string capbility instead of
concatenating (Pekka)
v3: Add length check when adding shader string (Pekka)
Signed-off-by: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
v4: Rebased, PROTECTION_MODE_ENFORCED converted.
Dropped unnecessary { }.
Ported setup_censor_overrides().
Split out moving code into gl-shaders.c.
Changed to follow "gl-renderer: rewrite fragment shaders",
no more shader source stitching.
Added SHADER_VARIANT_XYUV.
Const'fy function arguments.
Added gl_shader_requirements_cmp() and moved the early return in
use_gl_program().
Moved use_gl_program() before first use in file.
Split solid shader requirements by use case: requirements_censor and
requirements_triangle_fan.
Simplified fragment_debug_binding() since no need to force anything.
Ensure struct gl_shader_requirements has no padding. This allows us
to use normal C syntax instead of memset() and memcpy() when
initializing or assigning. See also:
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/issues/2071
Make it also a bitfield to squeeze the size.
v5: Move wl_list_insert() into gl_shader_create() (Daniel)
Compare variant to explicit value. (Daniel)
Change functions to gl_renderer_get_program,
gl_renderer_use_program, and
gl_renderer_use_program_with_view_uniforms.
Use local variable instead of gr->current_shader. (Daniel)
Simplified gl_renderer_get_program.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Do not change in setup_censor_overrides() and then put back gs->shader
in draw_view() when the shader needs to be something else than what the
surface content calls for.
This makes the logic simpler, and makes following changes simpler as
well.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
To help debugging shader compilation errors, print the shader source the
way it was given to the GLSL compiler and with line numbers that match
the compiler error messages.
This is necessary because some snippets are added at runtime to the
beginning, the source is not only what is in the respective .glsl file.
I did look into using #line directives, but you cannot put source file
names to it, only "source string numbers" which must be an integer
expression. If we used #line, the reader would need to know that string
number 0 is the version, string 1 is the config and string number 2 is
fragment.glsl. I think that would have been too cumbersome.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
The main goal of this patch is to improve the readability of how and
what fragment shaders are generated.
Instead of having C code that assembles each shader variant from literal
string snippets, create one big fragment shader source that has
everything in it. This relies on a GLSL compiler to optimize statically
false conditions and unused uniforms away.
Having all the fragment shader code in one file, uncluttered by C string
literal syntax, improves readability significantly. A disadvantage is
that the code is more verbose, but it allows comments much better.
The actual shader code is kept unchanged except:
- FRAGMENT_CONVERT_YUV macro is now a proper function
- GLSL version is explicitly set to 1.00 ES
- RGBA and EXTERNAL use the same path, the difference is how the sampler
is declared
Further shader code consolidation is possible, but is left for another
time.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This patch adds the tooling for incorporating files as C data, so that
files can be built into the binaries. The tool is in Python to avoid
adding extra dependencies like xxd.
xxd.py is copied from Mesa as-is, from commit
b729cd58d76f97f3fc04a67569535ee5ef2f5278 (master branch on 2021-01-26),
a.k.a 21.0-branchpoint-635-gb729cd58d76.
Moving the GLSL vertex shader into a separate file is not that
interesting, the purpose of this commit is to provide a simple
demonstration of the tooling. The real benefits come in a following
patch where the fragment shaders are re-written and externalized.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
This is purely moving code as is with no changes other than making the
three functions non-static.
Originally this was part of "gl-renderer: Requirement based shader
generation" by Harish Krupo, but that patch made also big changes to the
code at the same time. Patches are easier to review when code movement
is separate from behavioral changes, therefore I introduced this patch.
Cc: Harish Krupo <harishkrupo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
The main point here is to print "GL ES %d.%d" instead of "GL ES 2"
because GL-renderer can and will use GL ES 3 features when present.
Saying it's GL ES 2 renderer is not quite true.
To print that, I need to extract major, minor from gr->gl_version and
those didn't have ready made macros yet. While writing the extraction,
make all these trivial functions, so that the compiler might warn us if
one passes e.g. negative literal numbers to gr_gl_version(). Explicit
types help keeping the bit operations safe too.
The only purpose for GR_GL_VERSION_INVALID was to fall back to version
2.0. Moving the fallback and logging into get_gl_version() makes that
macro unnecessary.
Finally, just in case GL version string contained garbage, reject
negative version numbers.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Paalanen <pekka.paalanen@collabora.com>
Leandro Ribeiro
Kenny Levinsen
Jonathan Marler
Marius Vlad
Pekka Paalanen
Harish Krupo